Growing Artichokes from Seed

Artichokes are very easy to grow from seed. While they will not all grow genetically “true” to the parent plants, it is just a matter of growing a few extra plants so that any rogue specimens that turn up can be removed later.

Artichokes can be started from seed in a greenhouse, basement, or in a well-lit, warm room by the window. They prefer 72F or higher temperatures 

Use a lightweight potting soil, starting seeds 8-12 weeks before last frost in your area. You may wish to mix in a little horticultural grit or perlite to help with the drainage. Give the seeds a light covering of compost, then water in well - placing them in a greenhouse or warm room once the excess water has drained off. Water as necessary from that point on, but at no time should the compost be left soaking wet, or be allowed to completely dry out.

The seeds should germinate within 2-3 weeks, but they will need to remain in their protected environment right up until the threat of late frosts are over. Wait a couple of weeks after germination before removing the weaker artichoke seedlings from each pot. They can now be placed outside, but they will still need 2-3 weeks to harden off properly. Before planting outside in their final position try to keep them under some sort of cover such as a cold frame or plastic tunnel. Starting them early in a protected environment like this is a vital step in producing artichokes during the first year, whether they are grown as an annual or as a perennial. If you live in a climate zone subject to winter freezing it is best to grow plants in large pots- I usually use a 10-20 gallon container- and place them in the garage during the winter months. Second and third year plants are far more productive than first year plants.

Artichoke seedlings need lots of nutrients as they develop, so feed them once a week with a good quality fertilizer. They will be ready for planting outside once the soil has warmed up and - as said before - once the danger of frost is over. 

Typically the transplants should be around 8 to 10 inches tall, with stocky stems and two sets of true leaves. Because they grow quite large, they should be planted at least 4 feet apart into a rich, deep, free-draining soil. For best results place them in a sheltered position where they can receive full sun for most of the day.